Soft, Stiffness-Controllable Sensing Tip for On-Demand Force Range Adjustment With Angled Force Direction Identification

A new atomic force microscope probe with force sensing integrated readout and active tip

We introduce a novel probe structure for the atomic force microscope. The probe has a sharp tip placed on a micromachined membrane with an integrated displacement sensor, a diffraction-based optical interferometer. We use this probe in a microscope to directly measure the transient interaction forces between the probe tip and the sample when operating in a dynamic mode. We form images related t...

Force Controllable Hydro-Elastic Actuator

We present a hydro-elastic actuator that has a linear spring intentionally placed in series between the hydraulic piston and actuator output. The spring strain is measured to get an accurate estimate of force. This measurement alone is used in PI feedback to control the force in the actuator. The spring allows for high force fidelity, good force control, minimum impedance, and large dynamic ran...

New Lateral Force Distribution for Seismic Design of Structures Based on Seismic Demand Ratio

The design of earthquake-resistant buildings starts with defining the maximum lateral earthquake forces or their resultant. The amount of these forces depends on various factors, including coefficient of system behavior which depends on overstrength and its ductility. In this study, a method is presented for designing an earthquake-resistant system in which the distribution of lateral forces is...

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Fiber-Optic Fabry-Pérot Interferometers for Axial Force Sensing on the Tip of a Needle

A range of complex percutaneous procedures, such as biopsy or regional anesthesia, rely heavily on accurate needle insertion. Small variations in the mechanical properties of the pierced tissue can however cause deviations from the projected needle path and can thus result in inaccurate placement of the needle. Navigation of a rigid needle towards the target tissue is traditionally based on the...